Gravimetric Analysis Definition

Gravimetric Analysis Definition Gravimetric analysis is a collection of  quantitative analysis laboratory techniques  based on the measurement of an analytes mass. One example of a  gravimetric analysis technique  can be used to determine the amount of an ion in a solution by dissolving a known amount of a compound containing the ion in a solvent to separate the ion from its compound. The ion is then precipitated or evaporated out of solution and weighed. This form of gravimetric analysis is called precipitation gravimetry. Another form of gravimetric analysis is volatization gravimetry. In this technique, compounds in a mixture are separated by heating them to chemically decompose the specimen. Volatile compounds are vaporized and lost (or collected), leading to a measurable reduction on the mass of the solid or liquid sample. Precipitation Gravimetric Analysis Example In order for gravimetric analysis to be useful, certain conditions must be met: The ion of interest must fully precipitate from solution.The precipitate must be a pure compound.It must be possible to filter the precipitate. Of course, there is error in such an analysis! Perhaps not all of the ion will precipitate. They may be impurities collected during filtration. Some sample may be lost during the filtration process, either because it passes through the filter or else is not recovered from the filtration medium. As an example, silver, lead, or mercury may be used to determine chlorine because these metals for insoluble chloride. Sodium, on the other hand, forms a chloride that dissolves in water rather than precipitates. Steps of Gravimetric Analysis Careful measurements are necessary for this type of analysis. Its important to drive away any water that may be attracted to a compound. Place an unknown in a weigh bottle that has its lid cracked open. Dry the bottle and sample in an oven to remove water. Cool the sample in a desiccator.Indirectly weigh a mass of the unknown in a beaker.Dissolve the unknown to produce a solution.Add a precipitating agent to the solution. You may wish to heat the solution, as this increases the particle size of the precipitate, reducing loss during filtration. Heating the solution is called digestion.Use vacuum filtration to filter the solution.Dry and weigh the collected precipitate.Use stoichiometry based on the balanced chemical equation to find the mass of the ion of interest. Determine the mass percent of the analyte by dividing the mass of analyte by mass of unknown. For example, using silver to find an unknown chloride, a calculation might be: Mass of dry unknown chloride: 0.0984Mass of AgCl precipitate: 0.2290 Since one mole of AgCl contains one mole of Cl- ions: (0.2290 g AgCl)/(143.323 g/mol) 1.598 x 10-3 mol AgCl(1.598 x 10-3)x(35.453 g/mol Cl) 0.0566 g Cl (0.566 g Cl)/(0.0984 g sample) x 100% 57.57% Cl in unknown sample Note lead would have been another option for the analysis. However, if lead had been used, the calculation would have needed to account for the fact one mole of PbCl2 contains two moles of chloride. Also note, error would have been greater using lead because lead is not completely insoluble. A small quantity of chloride would have remained in solution instead of precipitating.

Labor Market Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Labor Market - Research Paper Example This entry by Wal-Mart also causes a drop in retail income in the areas of operation (Weinswig & Tang, 2010). The entry of Wal-Mart into these new areas also means a drop in prices; hence, increasing the purchasing power of the customer because prices are reduced not only at Wal-Mart, but also in other stores. Therefore, the customer benefits the most. Low income families tend to benefit the most despite the fact that labor market cost may be also unfavorable. This paper will discuss the labor market from which Wal-Mart Stores obtain candidates for vacant positions in the company. It will also examine the levels of education required to prepare new workers obtained from this pool of positions in the company. The training needed for these new workers will also be looked at. When Wal-Mart opens any new store, it employs hundreds of workers. More frequently than not, the amount of people applying for jobs is usually over 20 times higher than the number of positions to be filled. I reali zed that the entry of Wal-Mart in most of these areas is not well received by the local people. Many have attempted to block Wal-Mart’s entry into their communities with a multitude of excuses. The main reason is that they cause low wages in the retail market something the management has refuted (Dreher & Dougherty, 2001). They contend that, in most of the areas where Wal-Mart operates, they have created several job opportunities for other business apart from their own. What these people forget is that if one is considering the retail section of each region, employees cannot move from one region to another and customers can only shop in their own region. This is enough justification for the entry of Wal-Mart into the local market in the retail division (Neumark, Zhang & Ciccarella, 2005). The labor demand in a certain retail sector is a derived demand, and; therefore, affected by a variety of factors in the market for retail services. With this in mind, Wal-Mart affects labor demand in the retail sector by sufficiently supplying retail services and adopting technology, which will change labor intensity in the retail sector. Training at Wal-Mart is an ongoing thing and it is an essential part of the company. Each employee starts with an in-depth personal orientation (Weinswig & Tang, 2010). They are initiated to the history and traditions of the company while highlighting the roles and responsibilities the employee will be taking on upon joining the company. After orientation is over, each department has its own specific and detailed training and development program that gives to the employee the knowledge skills and tools needed to succeed in the company. Each employee has to chart out their own career path and endeavor to accomplish their most ambitious goals. Wal-Mart also offers several training prospects to assist managers develop their leadership skills and progress through the company to ensure their teams are motivated and passionate in fulfillin g the company’s mission running. They offer a management training program referred to as Assistant Management Training (AMT), which is open to all employees of the firm based in the United States. A person needs to apply in order to be chosen so as to benefit from this course. Also, there is the Walton Institute, which provides an educational environment for Wal-Mart leaders from all over the world to stretch themselves and explore the

What makes a Retail Fashion Brand A Brand Essay

What makes a Retail Fashion Brand A Brand - Essay Example The essay "What makes a Retail Fashion Brand A Brand" talks about the Brand of Fashion and how Brand becomes a Brand that can be trusted. The world Fashion is all about changing lifestyles and trends and people following them. The past decade has seen major changes in the world of retailing. It has seen major growth in the marketing and promotion of private labels indicating the increase in the growth and power of retail. However, a number of discounters and warehouse clubs have reintroduced pressure on the conventional retailers and ended up in making the competition even fiercer. The major portion of a retailer’s revenue model relies on selling manufacturer brands, which is a common factor between various other retailers offering the same brand. This factor makes it even more difficult for a retailer to differentiate himself among others. Hence, the problem not only poses a challenge but also an opportunity. If a retailer has the ability to build its own brand equity and cre ate a positive perception and recall in consumer minds, it is bound to reap in healthy profits. It would help the retailer in restoring and maintaining its competitive advantage resulting in increasing the revenue and overall profitability and in turn reducing the costs. Moreover, another advantage that a strong retail brand with high brand equity is that they have more bargaining power with their respective suppliers, which are the manufacturer brands giving them even more advantage over their competitors.

Once upon a time Essay Example for Free

Once upon a time Essay These mechanical birds are books, with many wings, meaning pages. The body shrieking without pain is laughter and the eyes melting are the readers tears. Model T is a room with the lock inside A key is turned to free the world For movement, so quick there is a film To watch for anything missed. These seventh and eighth stanzas are talking about a car. This is simple as Raine refers to Model T, a well-known car. Raine says it is a room because you go inside of the car and you are away from the outside world. You need a key to turn the car on and off and to lock the car. As you read on, you can see some of the poets influences for his writing. Raine is participating in a very ancient poetic ancient tradition. If you look at the poem as a series of riddles to be deciphered by the reader, then that takes us back centuries to the riddle poems in Anglo Saxon literature. In stanzas 10-13, the following lines are- In homes, a haunted apparatus sleeps, That snores when you pick it up. If the ghost cries, they carry it To their lips and soothe it to sleep with sounds. And yet they wake it up deliberately, by tickling it with a finger. This is a reference to a phone, a haunted apparatus. If it cries- rings, we pick it up to our lips and soothe it to sleep with sounds, meaning we speak into it. If we tickle it with a finger, we dial into it. The following lines have possibly the most bizarre descriptions of the whole poem- Only the young are allowed to suffer Openly. Adults go to a punishment room With water but nothing to eat. They lock the door and suffer the noises Alone. No one is exempt And everyones pain has a different smell. These are probably the hardest stanzas in the poem, but with some hard thinking, the lines all make sense- A punishment room with just water is a bathroom. When Raine writes, only the young are allowed to suffer openly he is talking about a baby getting their nappies changed in the open. Yet, us adults have to go to the bathroom and suffer our pain alone. Raine has written three exceptional stanzas, nobody really thinks about their own or other peoples daily use of the toilet. It is generally unspoken about and could almost be seen as a taboo subject, not to be raised in public. The last two stanzas end on a peaceful note- At night when all the colours die, They hide in pairs And read about themselves In colour, with their eyelids shut. This is a normal full day seen in the Martians eyes. It has now come to an end, reading about yourself in colour with your eyes shut, is quite obviously understood as dreaming. These two poems both share one very significant subject which links them together overall, but it is important to state first the similarities and differences between each persons work. Gabriel Okara seems to feel strongly about the idea of such falseness in our mannerisms and ways of speaking in everyday western life, as it is not like the hospitable place his homeland was. Gabriel Okara seems to be speaking from his own mind, about how he feels about this environment. Craig Raine has been born and bred in England, and doesnt talk about a strange westernised country like Gabriel Okara, but about life on this planet in general. Craig Raine does not seem to be annoyed at our everyday customs (or if he is, he hides it in his wording very well), merely humoured at how humans generally structure their lives. With Gabriel Okaras style of writing, there are no riddles to unveil and his poem is structured very differently in contrast to Craig Raines. Okara simply starts with Once upon a time, son, which is straightforward enough, rather than Caxtons are mechanical birds with wings, which can baffle most readers. Gabriel Okara is quite dark about the cold place he has come to, not at all like his native Nigeria. He certainly did not intend to humour the readers. I think that Raine wrote this poem to give his mind a rest from the real world. Perhaps he wrote it for pleasure and humor. I think this would be an enjoyable type of poem to write. Raine wanted his readers to be humored, to see life through somebody elses eyes, who has never seen life on Earth before. Also, the Martian seems merely bemused by human life and our everyday rituals. Mysteriously, the Martian never discusses what life on his planet was like, unlike Gabriel Okara whom describes the warmth he used to experience before. However, despite these many differences, the poets come together on one extremely important subject. It is, the way we take our lives for granted while others, unsuspectingly wander around feeling confused at all the social and physical complexities of the strange and alien world around them. The poets both write about separate characters commenting on their experience in another place, and not feeling at ease with it as the other members of the population are. It is true that one poem is quite dark and the other is lighthearted, the stanzas and couplets are differently placed, the wording is different etc, but overall, the characters in question are both feeling out of place and confused about all the common perplexities. They comment on life on this Earth we experience every day and take for granted. We hardly notice how a car may sound to an outsider or how It was nice having you here today with us could hurt a guest or client who knows you didnt mean what you said. We are all so accustomed to our lives; we do not think much of how it may seem to anybody else who has never been in that state of environment.

Vicky Green Case Essay example -- Ethics Theory

The Vicky Green Case Right to be Informed:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since key personnel of other companies are certainly going to face the risk of losing their jobs if they decide to accept the K.I., Koke International, 50 percent raise, then Vicky must consider the key personnel’s right to be informed about the aftermath of such a decision. Wendy McGee, Vicky’s boss, has made it clear to her senior staff members that key personnel of the other five player companies will be fired once they finish training K.I. employees. Vicky must consider the fact that those key personnel have the right to be informed about K.I.’s future plan, which will affect their careers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was not clear whether the orders that Wendy passed to her senior staff members will be mentioned to the top corporate people or not. Vicky must acknowledge the right of those top people to be informed of what Wendy has in mind. It is her job to make sure that these corporate people are aware of all consequences since K.I. could face antitrust issues by going forward with such a plan. Vicky must not let such orders pass without informing these corporate people. Do No Harm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vicky must avoid harming the powerless versus harming the powerful. The powerless in this case are the other stores that are going to compete with K.I. in the New England states region. Vicky is in charge of coming up with a unique pricing strategy that will run the competitors out of business within an 18-month period. The other competitors’ stores are considered powerless when compared to the gigantic and powerful Koke International. Vicky must consider the harm that is going to affect the powerless stores, which will lead them to bankruptcy according to Wendy’s plan.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vicky must also consider harming many versus harming few. The many in this case would be employees of the other five major players in the region and the few are K.I.’s employees. If the plan is successful then K.I. becomes a monopoly in the region while the competitors go out of business leaving their staff unemployed. Therefore Vicky must be concerned about the harm that is going to affect the many left unemployed versus the harm that is going to affect the few at K.I. Duty:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though Vicky is considered a new employee at K.I., that should not stop her from striving to amend the company whenever there is an opportunity. Vicky must acknowledge the du... ...fusal to continue on with the plan will cost the company extra time and effort. The company will be required to come up with a new pricing analysis, which might discourage the company from continuing with the plan since it will cost them time and effort. Therefore K.I. might lose its share from New England’s market. However, K.I.’s loss is a gain to the other stores in the New England states region. With K.I. out of the way the stores in the region will continue to operate in a healthy competitive market. If K.I. chooses not to dominate the New England market, which will eventually lead to dismissing Wendy’s plan, then such a decision would be beneficial because K.I. will avoid antitrust issues. However, Vicky’s reaction may vary. Vicky may oppose the plan and challenge her boss right after the meeting by persuasion and convincing. If this action doesn’t work, then Vicky may take it to the next level, which is to inform the top corporate people of what unpleasant consequence might they face from the federal government if they accept the Wendy’s plan. If this action also doesn’t work, then finally Vicky must report the plan to the federal government, so the law will take action.

Fashions

A particular make, a shape ,a style ,or a pattern followed by most of the people may be called a fashion . Let includes clothing ,hairstyles furniture literature, Jewelry and many other things. â€Å"Style is the man,† claims Saints-Beebe, one of Matthew Arnold's heroes. The above cited quote is one of Matthew Arnold's intellectual stances. Some people believe that life is not worth-living without fashion. Everybody wants to appear fashionable and stylish, and he spends lots of money on his hairstyle, beauty products, dress designing and shoes.Fashions go on changing. One fashion that is in today may be outdated tomorrow. Fashions have been in the world since the beginning of human civilization. Fashion industry is not a new thing in today's world. Thousands and millions of people depend upon changing passions for their livelihood. â€Å"We are shaped and fashioned by what we love. † Moan Wolfgang) Fashions usually take their origin in the west. In Pakistan also, there are parties and social gatherings in which people try to outdo one another by their fashions and styles.From the west these fashions reach the third-world countries. By the time people of the poor countries adopt these fashions, the westerns discard them and eve on to the others, and thus the fashion industry goes on flourishing. Media has also contributed a lot towards fashions and fads. There are fashion shows, beauty contests and dress designing competitions in the form of catwalk shows, TV dramas especially soap serials on different channels like Star Plus. Movies and music shows have also triggered the fashion craze among the different classes of people.Fashions and styles make us look attractive and different from other people but, according to Aloud Huxley, it is our inner-self or soul that makes us beautiful or ugly. If we are red, depressed or morally decayed, our outward appearance will do nothing but reflect our soul. It is actually the purity and beauty of our soul that makes our skin glow and our eyes shine. Fashions are then only a disguise or a cover that hides our reality and make us look attractive outwardly.Fashion is a form of ugliness so intolerable that we have to alter it every six months. † (Oscar Wiled) The craze of fashions is mostly found among women and youngsters. A visit to college of today would indeed be an interesting experiment for those who wish to know something about the influence of fashion on men . Boys as well as girls spend much of their time on toilet . Female students go two steps further . Fashion they regard as their special right . Girls have a natural and inborn love of pretty dresses and in college they get a real opportunity .Girls spend a great deal of their money on powder, cream and lipstick. Scents and perfumes are used by these Toilets to excite and stir their Romeos. Evidently such boys and girls do not take their studies seriously the They may forget the formulae of mathematics but they don't forget the names of the films. It is quite natural with women to beautify themselves. They hooked, however, give more importance to the purity of their soul than to their outward appearance.Beauty products, parlors, costly costumes and dandy shoes will not add to our attractiveness as much as do our peace of mind, contentment of our soul and spiritual happiness. We should not, therefore, imitate the westerns or other people because the western culture and civilization are hollow and the people there are spiritually dead. I recall here the saying by a famous writer who says we may have a fashion of our own if we retain our naturalness, innocence, and purity of heart and soul. â€Å"Fashions fade, style is eternal. † (Saint Laurent)

Catching Fire Essay

Catching Fire Suzanne Collins is a mutually celebrated writer of many books, including The Hunger Games trilogy. Catching Fire is just one of these astounding books. Catching Fire, written by Suzanne Collins, belongs in the science fiction genre because of the advancements and invention of different technologies. For example, mockingjays, a common animal in the story, are the product of female mockingbirds and male jabberjays. These jabberjays were genetically engineered by the Capitol, a ruthless gathering of officials that oversee the various districts of Panem, and can eavesdrop on conversions remembering every word that was uttered. Mockingjays on the other hand can only remember short verbalizations, such as a song. Also, during the Hunger Games, the Capitol has the ability to materialize objects directly into the arena in which the tributes fight, for example the â€Å"beasts† that enter the arena in the first book of the trilogy. There have also been many advancements in the field of medicine. Most notably, there is a cream for almost anything, whether it be a third-degree burn or a stab wound. This episode of the best-selling trilogy is written in first-person point of view. We are only allowed to know the thoughts and feelings of the main character, Katniss, causing us to wonder what other characters are thinking and feeling as well. This also causes us to create a deeper connection with Katniss. For instance, in the first book of the trilogy Katniss has a flashback in the arena about the explosion in the mines that killed her father. She relives this memory often and often reminisces of the times before her father died. Overall, the point of view of the story ultimately helps the reader identify with the main character. The point of view in this story causes it to be more relatable. Collins wrote the Hunger Games trilogy in present tense. This causes the reader to take the persona of another character or a diary that Katniss tells everything to. This style seems to be very easy to read, as the plot follows an extremely chronological event base. Contrary to her easy to read style, she uses rather impressive diction. This styles gives her a very competitive edge over other writers of today. This novel is enticing. It leaves no stone unturned. By the end of the novel you know that almost every conflict has been elucidated and resolved. The only conflict that was not resolved is between the Districts and the Capitol. This leaves a major opening for the third book in the series, Mockingjay. Works Cited Collins, Suzanne. Catching Fire. Hunger Games Trilogy. New York: Scholastic Press, 2009.